Mainly produce:

• strong rhythmic pressure pulses

• a narrower overtone spectrum (shamanic drums)

• minimal frequency clusters

• almost no fractal micro-variation

• no strong stochastic resonance when played alone (only indirect when played in a multi -instrumental-field)

Effects:

• rhythmic activation, but not stochastic resonance in the neurological sense

• direct connection to the heart rhythm

• very physical, grounding

• influence the brainstem and primal rhythms

• excellent for grounding, trauma regulation, and down-regulation

• excellent for nervous-system activation and entrainment

In this concept, drums are used as a grounding, rhythmic element within meditative and ceremonial settings.

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